{"id":7394,"date":"2025-12-16T04:56:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-15T23:26:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lawfultalks3.selfst.art\/big-murder-ruling-sc-says-sudden-quarrel-not-enough-for-section-300-exception\/"},"modified":"2026-07-21T17:49:52","modified_gmt":"2026-07-21T12:19:52","slug":"big-murder-ruling-sc-says-sudden-quarrel-not-enough-for-section-300-exception","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lawfultalks3.selfst.art\/?p=7394","title":{"rendered":"Big Murder Ruling: SC Says \u201cSudden Quarrel\u2019\u2019 Not Enough For Section 300 Exception"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size:14pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\">The Supreme Court has reaffirmed that where an accused repeatedly stabs an unarmed person without any element of mutual fight or self-defence, the offence squarely falls within the ambit of murder punishable under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code. Rejecting the plea for a lesser offence, the Court held that such acts cannot be protected under Exceptions 2 or 4 to Section 300 IPC.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-size:14pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><strong style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif; font-size:14pt\">Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size:14pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\">A Bench comprising <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><strong>Justice Manoj Mishra and Justice Ujjal Bhuyan <\/strong><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\">noted that the deceased had suffered four knife blows on vital parts of the body. The Court observed that the injuries included cuts to the common carotid and subclavian arteries, which, in the ordinary course of nature, were sufficient to cause death.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size:14pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\">In the present case, the appellant had inflicted multiple knife blows on an unarmed victim and sought the benefit of reduced punishment by invoking Exceptions 2 and 4 to Section 300 IPC. Exception 2 applies where death is caused in the exercise of the right to private defence, while Exception 4 covers cases where death is caused without premeditation during a sudden fight in the heat of passion, provided the offender does not take undue advantage or act in a cruel or unusual manner.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size:14pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\">Placing reliance on the Supreme Court&rsquo;s earlier judgment in <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><em>Bhagwan Munjaji Pawade v. State of Maharashtra<\/em><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\">, (1978) 3 SCC 330 (para 6), the Bench reiterated:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size:14pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\">&ldquo;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><strong>Where the accused is armed and the deceased is unarmed, Exception 2 can have no application and Exception 4 to Section 300 would not apply if there is sudden quarrel but no fight between the deceased and the accused.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\">&rdquo;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size:14pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\">Elaborating on the scope of Exception 4, the Court observed:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size:14pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\">&ldquo;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><strong>In our view, benefit of Exception 2 would not be available to the petitioner. As far as Exception 4 is concerned, an act of culpable homicide does not amount to murder if following ingredients are fulfilled (i) there is no pre-meditation; (ii) there is a sudden fight; (iii) the act is committed in the heat of passion; and (iv) the assailant has not taken any undue advantage or acted in a cruel manner. Although the term &lsquo;fight&rsquo; has not been defined in IPC, but the consistent view is that it implies mutual assault by use of criminal force and not mere verbal duel.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\">&rdquo;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size:14pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\">Applying these principles to the facts of the case, the Bench held that there was no evidence of any exchange of blows between the accused and the deceased. Consequently, the incident could <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><strong>not<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"> be termed a &ldquo;fight&rdquo; so as to attract Exception 4. The Court further noted that the infliction of four knife blows on vital parts of the body of an unarmed person clearly indicated that the accused had acted in a cruel manner.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size:14pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\">Finding no mitigating circumstances to warrant interference, the Supreme Court held that there was no justification to reduce the conviction or sentence. Accordingly, the application seeking reduction of sentence was dismissed.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <hr \/>\n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size:14pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><strong>Case Details:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/api.sci.gov.in\/supremecourt\/2024\/36075\/36075_2024_14_8_66822_Judgement_09-Dec-2025.pdf\" style=\"text-decoration-line:none\"> <span style=\"font-size:14pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1155cc\"><em>Surender Kumar vs State of Himachal Pradesh<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/api.sci.gov.in\/supremecourt\/2024\/36075\/36075_2024_14_8_66822_Judgement_09-Dec-2025.pdf\" style=\"text-decoration-line:none\"><span style=\"font-size:14pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1155cc\">(SLP (Crl) No. 5532\/2025)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p><br \/>\n \n <br \/>\n \n <br \/>\n \n <br \/>\n \n <br \/>\n \n <br \/>\n \n <br \/>\n \n <br \/>\n \n <br \/>\n \n <br \/>\n \n <br \/>\n \n <br \/>\n \n <br \/>\n \n <br \/>\n \n <br \/>\n \n <br \/>\n \n <br \/>\n \n <br \/>\n \n <br \/>\n \n <br \/>\n \n &nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Supreme Court has reaffirmed that where an accused repeatedly stabs an unarmed person without any element of mutual fight or self-defence, the offence squarely falls within the ambit of murder punishable under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code. Rejecting the plea for a lesser offence, the Court held that such acts cannot be [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":107,"featured_media":9705,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7394","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-supreme-court"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.5 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Big Murder Ruling: SC Says \u201cSudden Quarrel\u2019\u2019 Not Enough For Section 300 Exception - Lawful Talks<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Big Murder Ruling: SC Says \u201cSudden Quarrel\u2019\u2019 Not Enough For Section 300 Exception\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Supreme Court has reaffirmed that where an accused repeatedly stabs an unarmed person without any element of mutual fight or self-defence, the offence squarely falls within the ambit of murder punishable under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code. 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