{"id":7614,"date":"2026-07-14T07:28:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-14T01:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lawfultalks3.selfst.art\/the-missing-link-that-cost-the-prosecution-a-murder-conviction-supreme-court\/"},"modified":"2026-07-21T17:47:22","modified_gmt":"2026-07-21T12:17:22","slug":"the-missing-link-that-cost-the-prosecution-a-murder-conviction-supreme-court","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lawfultalks3.selfst.art\/?p=7614","title":{"rendered":"The Missing Link That Cost the Prosecution a Murder Conviction: Supreme Court"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">In a significant judgment delivered by Justice Sanjay Karol and Justice Prasanna B. Varale, the Supreme Court reaffirmed the law relating to cases based entirely on circumstantial evidence. The Court reiterated that suspicion, no matter how strong, can never take the place of legal proof.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">While dismissing the appeals filed by the State of Maharashtra, the Supreme Court upheld the acquittal of the accused persons for the offences of murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code and criminal conspiracy under Section 120B IPC. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">The Court, however, upheld the conviction of accused Nos. 2 and 3 under Section 201 read with Section 34 of the IPC for causing the disappearance of evidence.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">Case Background:<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">The case related to the death of Kiran Suryawanshi, an employee of ICICI Bank. He had married accused No. 1, Monika Kiran Suryawanshi, in a love marriage in 2001. They had a daughter and were living together in Dhule.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">According to the prosecution, Monika was having an extramarital affair with her neighbour, accused No. 2 Prakash Patil. It alleged that Monika, Prakash and accused No. 3 Dnyaneshwar Mahale entered into a criminal conspiracy to kill Kiran.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">The prosecution claimed that Kiran was first given sedative tablets and injections. His head was then crushed with a grinding stone. After the murder, his body was wrapped in a plastic bag and a bedsheet. It was further alleged that accused Nos. 2 and 3 were transporting the body on a motorcycle for disposal when they were stopped by a police constable during the early hours of 15 February 2007.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">After the investigation, the Trial Court convicted all three accused for murder, criminal conspiracy and causing the disappearance of evidence. However, the Bombay High Court later acquitted them of the charges of murder and conspiracy but maintained the conviction of accused Nos. 2 and 3 under Section 201 IPC. Challenging this acquittal, the State of Maharashtra approached the Supreme Court.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">Circumstantial Evidence:<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n \n \n \n <h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\"><span style=\"color:#434343\">The Supreme Court first noted that there was no eyewitness to the incident. The entire prosecution case was based only on circumstantial evidence.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">Referring to the well-known judgment in <strong><em>Sharad Birdhichand Sarda v. State of Maharashtra<\/em>, <\/strong>the Court reiterated the settled legal principles governing such cases. It observed:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">&ldquo;The prosecution must establish a complete and unbroken chain of circumstances that unerringly points to the guilt of the accused, excluding every other reasonable hypothesis of innocence. The circumstances must be conclusive in nature, establishing that the accused, and the accused alone, is the perpetrator of the crime.&rdquo;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">The Court then examined every circumstance relied upon by the prosecution and found that the chain of evidence was incomplete.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">Weak Motive:<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n \n \n \n <h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\"><span style=\"color:#434343\">The prosecution tried to establish motive by claiming that Monika and Prakash were involved in an illicit relationship.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">This allegation mainly rested on the statements of two witnesses who claimed that Prakash had described Monika as his lover and had sent her gifts.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">However, the Supreme Court held that this evidence was not enough to prove an extramarital relationship. It found that there was absolutely no evidence to show that Monika reciprocated Prakash&rsquo;s feelings or that she had any reason to kill her husband.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">Rejecting the prosecution&rsquo;s theory of motive, the Court observed:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">&ldquo;Mere production of telephone records does not substitute substantive proof of an illicit affair leading to murder. Thus, the motive is inherently weak and insufficient to anchor a conviction for murder.&rdquo;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">Last Seen Theory Found Weak:<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">The prosecution also relied on the &lsquo;last seen&rsquo; theory by arguing that Kiran was last seen entering his house on the night of the incident.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">However, the Court found serious problems with this evidence.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">The witness who claimed to have dropped Kiran home admitted that he remained outside until Kiran entered the house. The Supreme Court found this conduct unnatural.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">Further, Monika had consistently stated that Kiran later left the house to attend a gathering with friends.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">Since the prosecution could <strong>not <\/strong>prove the exact time of death or even the time when the offence took place, the Court agreed with the High Court that the last seen theory was <strong>too weak<\/strong> to sustain a conviction.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">Mobile Phone Records:<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">The prosecution also relied on mobile phone records to show that Monika had called Prakash after ensuring that her husband had fallen asleep.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">However, the call detail records completely contradicted this allegation.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">The Court noted that there was no outgoing call from Monika&rsquo;s phone to Prakash on the relevant night.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">Instead, Kiran&rsquo;s own mobile phone was found inside the house, indicating that he had left without taking it with him.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">The incoming calls from Prakash&rsquo;s phone to Monika&rsquo;s phone actually supported the defence version rather than the prosecution case.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">The Court therefore held:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">&ldquo;Therefore, the FIR&rsquo;s claim that accused no. 1 summoned accused no. 2 is a false contention unsupported by the digital trail.&rdquo;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">Serious Lapses in Recovery of Evidence:<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">The prosecution also relied on the recovery of a blood-stained grinding stone, syringe, broken glass pieces and clothes allegedly recovered at the instance of accused No. 1.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">The Supreme Court found serious flaws in the procedure followed during these recoveries.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">The seized articles were not sealed immediately after recovery and were recovered from a place that was accessible to the public.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">Referring to earlier judgments, the Court reiterated that if seized articles are not sealed, it raises serious doubts about whether the recovery was genuine and whether the forensic evidence remained reliable.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">The Court therefore held that the Chemical Analyser&rsquo;s reports could not be given much evidentiary value because the prosecution failed to prove that the seized articles were kept sealed and untampered with until they were examined.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">Medical Evidence:<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">The Court also pointed out a major inconsistency in the prosecution&rsquo;s case.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">According to the medical evidence, Kiran had suffered severe head injuries caused by a heavy blunt object such as a grinding stone.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">However, no blood was found on the mattress, bedsheet or pillow inside the house where the prosecution claimed the murder had taken place.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">This contradiction seriously weakened the prosecution&rsquo;s version.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">The Court observed:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">&ldquo;This physical impossibility speaks volumes and entirely contradicts the prosecution&rsquo;s fundamental narrative that deceased Kiran Suryawanshi was brutally bludgeoned to death in his bed.&rdquo;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">Criminal Conspiracy Not Established:<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">The Supreme Court also found that the charge of criminal conspiracy under Section 120B IPC was not supported by reliable evidence.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">Reiterating the settled law on conspiracy, the Court observed:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">&ldquo;For the charge of criminal conspiracy under Section 120-B IPC, to be established, an agreement between the parties to do an unlawful act must exist.&rdquo;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">The Court further stated:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">&ldquo;To prove the offence of criminal conspiracy, it is imperative to show a meeting of the minds between the conspirators for the intended common object.&rdquo;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">The Court held that neither the alleged motive, nor the phone records, nor the recoveries, nor the last seen evidence proved any such agreement between the accused.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">Broken Chain:<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">After examining every circumstance separately as well as together, the Supreme Court concluded that the prosecution had failed to establish a complete and unbroken chain of circumstances pointing only towards the guilt of the accused.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">The Court found no error in the Bombay High Court&rsquo;s assessment of the evidence and agreed that the prosecution had failed to rule out every reasonable possibility consistent with the accused&rsquo;s innocence.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">Section 201 Conviction:<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">However, the Supreme Court reached a different conclusion regarding accused Nos. 2 and 3 for the offence under Section 201 IPC.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">The evidence clearly showed that both accused were caught by the police while transporting Kiran&rsquo;s dead body wrapped in a plastic bag and bedsheet at around 5:00 a.m.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">A human foot was visibly sticking out of the bundle, and blood stains matching Kiran&rsquo;s blood group were found on the motorcycle.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">In these circumstances, the Court observed:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">&ldquo;The physical reality of them transporting the deceased victim&rsquo;s tied body at 5:00 a.m. undeniably establishes that they knowingly caused the evidence of the commission of an offence to disappear with the explicit intention of screening the offenders from legal punishment.&rdquo;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">The Court therefore upheld the conviction of accused Nos. 2 and 3 under Section 201 read with Section 34 IPC for causing the disappearance of evidence. However, it maintained their acquittal for the offences of murder and criminal conspiracy. The Court also noted that both accused had already undergone the sentence of one year&rsquo;s rigorous imprisonment imposed on them.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">Final Decision:<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">Finally, while dismissing the appeals filed by the State of Maharashtra, the Supreme Court reaffirmed one of the basic principles of criminal law. It held:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">&ldquo;The prosecution&rsquo;s case against the accused for murder and conspiracy, resting entirely on circumstantial evidence, suffers from vital lacunae&hellip; The chain of circumstances is broken, and the hypothesis of guilt is not exclusively established.&rdquo;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \n <p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">Case Details : <a href=\"https:\/\/api.sci.gov.in\/supremecourt\/2011\/6340\/6340_2011_4_1501_71996_Judgement_13-Jul-2026.pdf\" style=\"text-decoration:none\"><span style=\"color:#1155cc\"><strong>STATE OF MAHARASHTRA VERSUS MONIKA KIRAN SURYAWANSHI &amp; ORS.<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In a significant judgment delivered by Justice Sanjay Karol and Justice Prasanna B. Varale, the Supreme Court reaffirmed the law relating to cases based entirely on circumstantial evidence. The Court reiterated that suspicion, no matter how strong, can never take the place of legal proof. While dismissing the appeals filed by the State of Maharashtra, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":97,"featured_media":10034,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7614","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-supreme-court"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.5 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Missing Link That Cost the Prosecution a Murder Conviction: Supreme Court - Lawful Talks<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Missing Link That Cost the Prosecution a Murder Conviction: Supreme Court\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In a significant judgment delivered by Justice Sanjay Karol and Justice Prasanna B. Varale, the Supreme Court reaffirmed the law relating to cases based entirely on circumstantial evidence. The Court reiterated that suspicion, no matter how strong, can never take the place of legal proof. 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